Ko ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei te pūtake mō te hanga i ngā whakapiripiri kounga teitei. Heoi, he maha ngā hua a ngā kaihanga whakapiripiri ka pakaru. He aha ai tēnei?

I tēnei wā, ko ngā whakatakotoranga noa o ngā tokotoko waea maitai hanganga waro e whakaratohia ana e ngā mira maitai o te kāinga ko φ 5.5-φ 45, ko te whānuitanga kua pakeke ake ko φ 6.5-φ 30. He maha ngā aituā kounga i puta mai i te wehenga o te whākawa, pērā i te wehenga o te whākawa o te tokotoko waea iti me te pae. Kei raro nei te awe o te wehenga whākawa me te tātari i te hanganga pakaru hei tohutoro. Mā te tāpiri o te whākawa ki te hoahoa āhua waro rino ka kati te rohe āhua austenite, ā, ka piki ake te tawhiti i waenga i te totoka me te wai. Ina whakamataohia te maitai kei roto te whākawa mai i te wai ki te totoka, me haere i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana nui.

He puhoi te tere horapa o te whākōkī i roto i te maitai, ā, ko te rino rewa he nui te kukū o te whākōkī (iti te ira rewa) kua kī tonu i ngā dendrite totoka tuatahi, ka hua ake te wehenga o te whākōkī. Mō ngā hua he maha ngā pakaru i te wā e hanga makariri ana, e whakaputa makariri ana rānei, e whakaatu ana te tirotiro me te tātari whakarewa kua tohatohahia te ferrite me te pearlite hei rīpene, ā, he ferrite whitiki mā kei roto i te matrix. He rohe whakauru whanariki hina mārama kei runga i te matrix ferrite whitiki. Ko te hanganga whitiki o te whanariki ka kiia ko te "raina wairua" nā te wehenga whanariki.
Ko te take, ko te rohe e tino wehea ana te whākōkī ka puta he rohe mā kanapa i roto i te rohe whakarei whākōkī. I roto i te pereti whakarewa tonu, nā te nui o te whākōkī i roto i te rohe mā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te whākōkī e ngā tioata poutū, ka whakaitihia te nui o te whākōkī. Ina totoka te papa, ka wehea tuatahitia ngā dendrite austenite mai i te maitai rewa. Ka whakaitihia te whākōkī me te whanariki i roto i ēnei dendrite, engari kei roto i te maitai rewa kua totoka te whākōkī me ngā huānga whākōkī. Ka totoka i waenga i ngā toki dendrite nā te mea he nui ngā huānga whākōkī me te whanariki. I tēnei wā, ka hangaia te whākōkī, ā, ka rewa te whākōkī i roto i te matrix. Nā te mea he nui ngā huānga whākōkī me te whanariki, ka hangaia te whākōkī i konei, ā, ka rewa te whākōkī i roto i te matrix. Nō reira, nā te nui o te whākōkī me ngā huānga whanariki, he nui te nui o te waro i roto i te otinga totoka whākōkī. I ngā taha e rua o te whitiki waro, arā, i ngā taha e rua o te rohe whakarei whākōkī, ka hangaia he whitiki pearlite roa, whaiti hoki e whakarara ana ki te whitiki mā ferrite, ā, ka wehea ngā kiko noa e tata ana. I raro i te pēhanga whakamahana, ka toro atu te pereki ki te ahunga tukatuka i waenga i ngā toki, nā te mea he nui te whākawa o te whitiki ferrite, arā, mā te wehewehenga whākawa ka puta he hanganga whitiki ferrite whānui kanapa me te hanganga whitiki ferrite whānui kanapa. Ka kitea anō hoki he rīpene whanariki hina mārama i roto i te whitiki ferrite whānui kanapa, e tohatohahia ana me te rīpene roa o te whitiki ferrite whai whākawa whanariki, e kiia nei e tātou ko te "raina wairua". (Tirohia te Pikitia 1-2)

Pūtu Flange

I roto i te tukanga hurihuri wera, mena kei te wehea te whākōkī, kāore e taea te whiwhi i tētahi hanganga iti ōrite. Ko te mea nui ake, nā te mea kua hangaia e te wehenga whākōkī he hanganga "rārangi wairua", ka tino whakaitihia ngā āhuatanga miihini o te rauemi. He mea noa te wehenga whākōkī i roto i te maitai here waro, engari he rerekē tōna taumata. Ka tino pā kino te wehenga whākōkī nui ("hanganga rārangi wairua") ki te maitai. He mārama, ko te wehenga nui o te whākōkī te take o te pakaru makariri. Nā te mea he rerekē te nui o te whākōkī i roto i ngā momo maitai, he rerekē te kaha me te pakeke o ngā rauemi. I tētahi atu taha, ka puta te ahotea o roto i te rauemi, ka ngāwari ai te pakaru o te rauemi. I roto i ngā rauemi he hanganga "rārangi wairua", nā te hekenga o te pakeke, te kaha, te roa i muri i te whati me te whakaiti i te horahanga, inā koa te hekenga o te pakari pānga, he hononga nui te nui o te whākōkī i roto i ngā rauemi ki te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te maitai.
I roto i te kiko "rārangi wairua" i waenganui o te tirohanga, i kitea he nui o te whanariki angiangi, hina mārama mā te whakaahua whakarewa. Ko ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa i roto i te maitai hanganga kei roto i te ahua o ngā waikura me ngā whanariki. E ai ki te GB/T10561-2005 Standard Classification Diagram for the Content of Non-Contracts in Steel, ko te ihirangi whanariki o ngā whakaurunga Akomanga B he 2.5, neke atu rānei. Ko ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa he pūtake pakaru pea. Ka tino kino te noho tonu me te kiato o te hanganga maitai, ā, ka tino whakaiti i te kaha o te intergranular.
E whakapaetia ana ko te whanariki i roto i te hanganga o roto o te "raina wairua" o te maitai te wāhanga tino ngāwari te pakaru. Nō reira, he maha ngā here i pakaru i te wā o te whakamatao me te whakamahana i te wāhi whakaputa, nā te maha o ngā whanariki roa hina mārama i puta ai. Nā tēnei papanga kore-whatu i whakangaro te haere tonu o ngā āhuatanga whakarewa, ā, i whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te whakamahana. Kāore e taea te tango i te "raina wairua" mā te tikanga whakataurite me ētahi atu tikanga, ā, me tino whakahaere ngā huānga poke i mua i te whakarewanga, i te whakaurunga rānei o ngā rauemi mata ki te whare. E ai ki te hanganga me te āheinga ki te whakarerekē, ka wehea ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa ki te alumina (momo A) silicate (momo C) me te waikura porowhita (momo D). Mā tōna āhua ka tapahia te haere tonu o te whakarewa, ka huri hei rua, hei kapiti rānei i muri i te tihorenga, he ngāwari ki te hanga kapiti i te wā whakamatao, ā, ka puta te kukū o te ahotea i te wā whakamahana, ka puta ai ngā kapiti whakamahana. Nō reira, me tino whakahaere ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa. Ko ngā maitai waro hanganga GB/T700-2006 me GB T699-2016 o nāianei e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa. Mō ngā wāhanga nui, ko te tikanga he momo A, B, C te raupapa matotoru, ko ngā raupapa pai rawa kāore e neke atu i te 1.5, ko ngā momo D, Ds te pūnaha matotoru, me te taumata 2 kāore e neke atu i te taumata 2.

He kamupene a Hebei Chengyi Engineering Materials Co., Ltd., e 21 tau te roa o te wheako ki te hanga me te hoko i ngā whakapiripiri. Ka whakamahia e ā mātou whakapiripiri ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei, ngā hangarau whakaputa me te hanga matatau, me te pūnaha whakahaere tino pai hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te hoko whakapiripiri, tēnā whakapā mai.